癌・感染症の遺伝子診断(2)

穿刺吸引 RNA 診断法(ABRD)
：現状と将来

高　野　　　徹*1　網　野　信　行*2
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Aspiration Biopsy RNA Diagnosis

Toru TAKANO, MD*1 and Nobuyuki AMINO, MD*2

Recent advances in molecular-based techniques, especially RNA analyses such as differential display, serial analysis of gene expression(SAGE) and DNA arrays, have enabled us to detect the specific changes in mRNA in cancer tissues rapidly and easily. We have established a new method of preoperative molecular-based diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas, one of the most common cancers in females. This technique, Aspiration Biopsy RNA Diagnosis, ABRD, allows us to perform preoperative RNA analysis of the tumors by extracting RNA from tumor cells obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsies(FNABs). For example, by ABRD detection of oncofetal fibronectin or calcitonin mRNA in FNABs, three types of thyroid carcinomas, papillary, anaplastic and medullary carcinomas, were accurately diagnosed preoperatively without the help of cytological or pathological examinations by a skillful pathologist. Further, by real-time monitoring RT-PCR measuring the expression levels of these cancer-specific mRNAs, a fully automated system was established. Because ABRD can be performed without any severe invasion to the patients, in the near future, when more reliable systems of quantitative RNA analysis are developed, ABRD will probably become one of the standard tests for preoperative diagnosis of cancer.
[Rinsho Byori 51 : 152〜157, 2003]

*1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871

【Key Words】thyroid carcinoma(甲状腺癌)，molecular-based classification(分子分類)，molecular-based diagnosis(分子診断)，fine needle aspiration biopsy(穿刺吸引細胞診)，gene expression profile(遺伝子発現プロフィール)

*1,2大阪大学医学系研究科生体情報医学(臨床検査診断学)(〒565-0871 吹田市山田丘2-2，D2)